Ii-EV zifuna ukufikelela kwiindawo zokutshaja, kodwa uhlobo kunye nendawo yeetshaja azikho kuphela ukhetho lwabanini be-EV. Utshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe, umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, ukucwangciswa kwesixeko kunye nezixhobo zombane zonke zidlala indima kwi-EV yokutshaja izakhiwo. Indawo, ukuhanjiswa kunye neentlobo zezixhobo zokubonelela ngezithuthi zombane (EVSE) zixhomekeke kwii-EV stocks, iipatheni zokuhamba, iindlela zokuthutha kunye neendlela zokuhlala ezidolophini.
Ezi kunye nezinye izinto ziyahluka kwiingingqi kunye nexesha.
• Ukutshaja kwezindlu kufumaneka lula kakhulu kubanini be-EV abahlala kwizindlu ezizimeleyo okanye ezideleleneyo, okanye abanokufikelela kwigaraji okanye kwindawo yokupaka.
• Iindawo zokusebenza zinokuhlangabezana ngokuyinxenye imfuno yokutshaja ii-EV. Ukufumaneka kwayo kuxhomekeke kwindibaniselwano yamanyathelo asekelwe kumqeshi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yengingqi okanye yesizwe.
• Itshaja ezifikeleleka kuwonke-wonke ziyafuneka apho intlawulo yasekhaya neyendawo yokusebenza ingafumanekiyo okanye inganelanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno (ezifana nokuhamba umgama omde). Ukwahlula phakathi kweendawo zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo nezicothayo kumiselwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinxibeleleneyo neziguquguqukayo, ezifana nokuziphatha kokutshaja, umthamo webhetri, ukuxinana kwabemi kunye nezindlu, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yorhulumente wesizwe nowasekhaya.
Iingcinga kunye negalelo elisetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa iingqikelelo ze-EVSE kulo mbono zilandela iimetriki ezintathu eziphambili ezihluka ngommandla kunye neemeko: umlinganiselo we-EVSE-to-EV kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-EVSE; uhlobo oluthile lwemilinganiselo yokutshaja ye-EVSE; kunye nesabelo setotali yenani leeseshini zokutshaja ngohlobo lwe-EVSE (ukusetyenziswa).
Ukuhlelwa kwe-EVSE kusekelwe ekufikeleleni (ukufikeleleka esidlangalaleni okanye ngasese) kunye namandla okutshaja. Iindidi ezintathu zithathelwa ingqalelo kwii-LDVs: ezicothayo zabucala (ekhaya okanye emsebenzini), zikawonke-wonke ezicothayo kunye noluntu olukhawulezayo/olukhawulezayo.
Iitshaja zabucala
Inani eliqikelelwayo leetshaja ze-LDV zabucala ngo-2020 zizigidi ezisi-9.5, apho ezizigidi ezisi-7 zikwiindawo zokuhlala kwaye intsalela ikwiindawo zokusebenza. Oku kumele iigigawathi ezingama-40 (GW) zomthamo ofakelweyo kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nangaphezulu kwe-15 GW yomthamo ofakelweyo kwiindawo zokusebenza.
Iitshaja zabucala zee-LDV zombane zonyuka ziye kwi-105 lezigidi ngo-2030 kwiMigaqo yeMigaqo-nkqubo eSkiweyo, enezigidi ezingama-80 zeetshaja kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezigidi ezingama-25 kwiindawo zokusebenza. Oku kubalela ama-670 GW kumthamo wokutshaja ofakiweyo uwonke kwaye ubonelela ngeeyure ezingama-235 zeeterawatt (TWh) zombane ngo-2030.
Kwimeko yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, inani leetshaja zasekhaya lingaphezulu kwe-140 yezigidi (i-80% ephezulu kune-Scenario yemigaqo-nkqubo echaziweyo) kwaye abo basemsebenzini inani eliphantse libe yi-50 yezigidi ngo-2030. Kudityaniswe, umthamo ofakiweyo yi-1.2 TW, ngaphezu kwe-80% ngaphezulu kweNkalo yePolisi exeliweyo, kwaye ibonelela nge-400 TWh yombane ngo-2030.
Iitshaja zabucala zithatha i-90% yazo zonke iitshaja kuzo zombini iimeko ngo-2030, kodwa ngama-70% kuphela omthamo ofakelweyo ngenxa yomlinganiselo ophantsi wamandla (okanye umlinganiselo wokutshaja) xa kuthelekiswa neetshaja ezikhawulezayo. Iitshaja zabucala zihlangabezana malunga ne-70% yemfuno yamandla kuzo zombini iimeko, ebonisaukukala amandla asezantsi.
Iitshaja ezifikeleleka kuluntu
Kukho izigidi ezili-14 zeetshaja zikawonke-wonke ezicothayo kunye ne-2.3 yezigidi zeetshaja ezikhawulezayo zikawonke-wonke ngo-2030 kwiMigaqo-nkqubo exeliweyo. Oku kubalela i-100 GW yomthamo wokutshaja ocothayo woluntu ofakelweyo kunye nangaphezulu kwama-205 GW omthamo woluntu ofakelwayo ngokukhawuleza. Iitshaja ezifikeleleka kuwonke-wonke zibonelela nge-95 TWh yombane ngo-2030. Kwimeko yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, kukho ngaphezulu kwe-20 yezigidi zeetshaja ezicothayo zoluntu kunye nezigidi ezi-4 zeetshaja ezikhawulezayo zoluntu ezifakelwe ngo-2030 ezihambelana nomthamo ofakelweyo we-150 GW kunye ne-360 GW ngokulandelelanayo. Ezi zibonelela nge-155 TWh yombane ngo-2030.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-05-2021